Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are controversial, sparking lots of debates and surrounded by lots of myths. But the truth is that GMOs are not only common, they offer serious benefits for farmers, the environment, and consumers. Here are 10 surprising facts about genetically modified foods, based on research from the organization Alliance for Science.
1. Farmers Can Save GMO Seeds
It’s often reported that farmers are restricted from saving GMO seeds, but that’s not entirely true. While some GMO seeds are patented, requiring farmers to buy them new each year, this is also the case with hybrid seeds, which don’t grow consistently if replanted. And in some cases, like with virus-resistant papaya in Hawaii, farmers can save and share GMO seeds freely.
2. GMOs Aren’t Just for Big Corporations
Many people associate GMOs with big agricultural corporations, but they’re also used in smaller-scale farming. And in developing countries, GMOs help farmers grow more food, improving their livelihood. These crops provide a lifeline to communities where food availability is a challenge.
3. GMOs Have Reduced Pesticide Use
One common belief is that GMO crops require more pesticides, but studies actually show the opposite. Many GMOs are designed to resist insects naturally, so farmers spray fewer pesticides overall. According to the Alliance for Science, global chemical pesticide use has decreased by 37% because of GMOs.
4. GMOs Are Extensively Tested
Some worry that GMOs haven’t been tested enough for safety, but they actually undergo more testing than non-GMO crops. Before being approved, GMO foods go through years of research and safety evaluations. This extensive testing shows that GMOs are both safe to eat and safe for the environment.
5. GMOs Are Helping Fight Hunger
In many developing countries, GMOs are used to grow foods that can survive harsh farming conditions. A couple of examples are virus-resistant cassava and insect-resistant eggplant, which help small farmers produce more food to feed their families and communities. These crops are critical in regions where traditional farming struggles.
6. GMOs Can Be Good for the Environment
Contrary to popular belief, GMOs can help protect the environment. Pest-resistant GMO crops reduce the need for chemical pesticide sprays, and herbicide-tolerant crops minimize soil damage caused by plowing. By using fewer chemicals and improving farming practices, GMOs actually help support sustainable agriculture.
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7. GMOs Can Improve Nutrition
Some GMOs are developed specifically to improve nutritional value. Golden rice, for example, has been genetically modified to provide more vitamin A, which helps prevent vision issues and other health problems caused by malnutrition. This technology is integral in countries where diets lack essential nutrients.
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8. GMOs Can Withstand Extreme Weather
As continued climate change causes more droughts, floods, and soil problems, scientists are creating GMOs that can survive these conditions. Crops are being engineered to grow in dry soil, salty environments, or with less water. These help farmers maintain food production even under harsh weather conditions.
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9. GMOs Are Just as Safe as Non-GMOs
Many people worry that eating GMO foods could harm their health, but there’s been no evidence to support this. Scientific studies repeatedly show that GMO foods are just as safe and nutritious as non-GMO foods. Experts around the world, including the Alliance for Science, agree that GMOs pose no health risks.
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10. GMOs Help Cut Down on Food Waste
Food waste is a major issue, and GMOs play a role in helping to reduce it. Some genetically modified crops are designed to last longer, resist bruising, or stay fresh during transport. This means less food spoils, or gets thrown out for being less than perfect, which benefits both consumers and the environment.
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